In the present study, the economic performance of 58 COUNTRIES WITH mineral RESOURCES shown that those COUNTRIES WITH rich RESOURCES would not necessarily face source resource curse, in fact the institutional structure in these COUNTRIES (measured by the resource governance index) determines which RESOURCES are a blessing or disaster. In this regard, the pool data analysis is used for the COUNTRIES WITH mineral sources. WITHin the frameworka pool data model are evaluated on the reciprocal impact of the resource governance and the revenues of the minerals exports on the economic growth in these COUNTRIES. Although most empirical studies have concluded the negative impact of abundant mineral RESOURCES on the economic growth in these COUNTRIES, the present study results indicate that there is a significant positive relationship between the economic growth and the components of the governance resource index (research hypothesis). If the institutional structures (resource governance) are appropriate, there is a significant positive relationship between the revenuesof the mineral RESOURCES and the economic growth.

The stock market as the main backrest of the capital market activities has a determining role in achieving continual and stable economic growth of COUNTRIES.Economists believe that in COUNTRIES which are rich in NATURAL RESOURCES, focusing on the governance indicator to manage the foreign exchange earnings from exporting the NATURAL RESOURCES in a better way, has a significant impact on the development of the stock market. In fact, right and scientific management of NATURAL RESOURCES which are obtained from the result beat of each of the governance indicators on the abundance of NATURAL RESOURCES, navigates the given RESOURCES to the high value-added activities in the section of the stock market and by effecting the stock properties, it will motivate investors to buy and sell in the stock market and it also will increase and improve the value of trades on gross domestic product as the stock market development indicator. Therefore, the present study sought to examine the impact of the NATURAL resource management on the development of stock market of Selected COUNTRIES WITH abound NATURAL RESOURCES during 2008-2013 by using the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). The results of the study shows that the variables of NATURAL resource management, total efficiency, productivity of the factors of production, the real exchange rate and the size of the government has a significant positive impact on the development of the stock market. As well, the results of the estimates represent a significant and negative impact of the liquidity ratio variable to the gross domestic product development of the stock market.

The present study aimed to investigate and compare the pro-poor growth in six selected Islamic COUNTRIES WITH NATURAL RESOURCES abundance during the period of 2009-2019. We calculated three concept pro-poor growth indicator (PPGI), poverty equivalent growth rate (PEGR), and pro-poor growth rate (RPPG) using three measures of poverty headcount ratio, poverty gap ratio, and poverty gap squared, through the DASP package by Stata software. The results showed that most COUNTRIES did not experience highly pro-poor growth during the period under review. So that most of the COUNTRIES have had trickle-down and immiserizing growth during the period, which leads to an increase in poverty and inequality. Also, only Pakistan (2015-2019) and Malaysia (2011-2016) based on all three measures of poverty, and Iran (2009-2015) and (2015-2019) based on the poverty gap squared, have had highly pro-poor growth. The results of the three indicators confirm each other, and poverty and inequality have changed in the same direction. Also, the results of the RPPG index showed that all COUNTRIES except Pakistan (2015-2019) and Malaysia (2011-2016) experienced increases in poverty and inequality. The main result of the research shows that the degree of pro-poor growth in the studied COUNTRIES was different. On the other hand, the growth trend has not been stabled in the two studied periods for the research sample COUNTRIES.

This paper, by focusing on oil RESOURCES, tries to investigate the relationship between NATURAL RESOURCES abundance and economic growth in 8 OPEC selected COUNTRIES during 1970- 2008. We used Dynamic Panel Data and Static Panel Data Model for this purpose and estimated the relations by Generalized Method of Moments, Fixed Effects and Random Effects Estimator. The results represented that there is a negative relationship between oil RESOURCES abundance and economic growth in above mentioned COUNTRIES.

For years researchers have associated the developmental problems of COUNTRIES possessing NATURAL RESOURCES like oil WITH the very fact of the possession of such RESOURCES. The numerous studies of this field have mostly focused on the theories of the Rentier State and the Resource Curse. Today, WITH the advent of empirical research and theoretical criticism, there is little doubt WITH regards to the shortcomings of the classic theories of the field. The latest research has also attempted to mitigate the extremes of the classic theories of rentierism which usually cover a limited scope of the suggested outcomes of rentierism, and such theories have not formed a comprehensive and elaborate theory, nor have they presented an appropriate ideal type of the rentier state for historical investigations. The present paper presents a critical survey of the literature on rentierism, focusing on one main question: how can this theory be improved? WITH respect to this question, at first, rentierism literature will be reviewed, then the institutionalist theory of Douglass North shall be introduced. By recognizing the advantages and disadvantages of both theories, the present paper goes on to formulate new conceptual framework named the "Rentier Limited Access Order". Not only is this framework rooted in both theories, but it also goes beyond them and delivers new insights WITH which rentier states can be studied.

COUNTRIES WITH poor NATURAL RESOURCES seem to have higher economic growth than those who are rich in NATURAL RESOURCES. The purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that the possession of NATURAL RESOURCES leads to Dutch disease, negative terms of trade and rent seeking activities. Since the study has focused on OPEC members, we use the exports of NATURAL energy as a proxy for the possession of NATURAL RESOURCES. To investigate this hypothesis we implement the most recent growth models. Using panel data for eight OPEC members and 13 selected COUNTRIES during the years 1969-2003, the estimated results suggest that energy exports revenue has a negative impact on GDP.In addition, the estimated results for individual COUNTRIES prove that the exports of energy RESOURCES has a negative impact on the individual national income of COUNTRIES such as; Iran, Indonesia, Libya, Nigeria, and Venezuela. In contrast to this finding, the effect has been positive in Saudi Arabia, and insignificant in Kuwait. In sum, the negative relationship between the energy exports revenue and national income in our country highlights the importance of curing the Dutch disease and its roots through a series of structural reforms in different sectors.

To investigate the response of corn to combined application of chemical fertilizers WITH rhizobacteria plant growth promoting, an experiment was conducted in 2017 at Research farm of Agricultural and NATURAL RESOURCES Campus of Tehran University, Karaj, Iran, in a randomized complete block design WITH four replications. Four nutritional treatments including T1 (Control treatment WITHout applying fertilizer), T2 (Just PGPRs), T3 (Use chemical fertilizers based on soil test) and T4 (T3 + PGPRs) were considered. According to the results, the highest total dry weight (3.9 kg/m2), crop growth rate (79.8 g.m-2.day-1), net assimilation rate (15.3 g.m-2.day-1) and grain yield (18.2 ton.ha-1) were observed in T4 treatment and T2 treatment produced the highest  leaf area index (5.3), leaf area duration (205.2) and specific leaf weight (78.5 g.m-2) . Also, the lowest value of all traits was observed in in T1 (control) treatment. The results showed that the presence of rhizobacteria plant growth promotioninduction in the corn nutrition program increased the growth and growth indices of the plant. Combined application of chemical fertilizers WITH rhizobacteria plant growth promoting resulted in the highest growth and final grain yield of corn.

The main purpose of this paper is to estimate the effect of NATURAL RESOURCES abundance on military expenditure in the Middle East COUNTRIES during the years of 1995-2014. For this purpose, design a general model of military expenditure for this COUNTRIES WITH the presence of NATURAL resource abundance indicators, Includes two general index: The share of NATURAL resource revenues from the GDP and the share of fuel exports from the merchandise exports and also 5 separate indicators, including: revenue share of oil, NATURAL gas, coal, forests and minerals from the GDP and in order to estimate it, is used Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) in dynamic panel data form. The model estimation results show that general indicators of NATURAL RESOURCES abundance had a positive and significant effect on the military expenditure of COUNTRIES studied. Also, WITH separate of revenues from NATURAL RESOURCES, show that the share revenues of oil and NATURAL gas from the GDP, had a positive and significant effect and revenues from other NATURAL RESOURCES, had a meaninglessness effect on the military expenditure in this COUNTRIES. Accordingly, can say that the energy RESOURCES in Middle East COUNTRIES influence on the military expenditure. So that a one percent increases in the share of oil and NATURAL gas revenues of GDP, respectively, will increase military burden in this COUNTRIES approximately 0. 14 and 0. 05 percent.

Stakeholder analysis is essential in any adaptive comanagement. In the meantime, different words are used to name and separate stakeholders. The main purpose of this article is to clarify the term of stakeholder and their types in good governance of NATURAL RESOURCES (water, issues of NATURAL habitats, and environmental problems). By applying a descriptive-analytic method, the paper identifies the semantic difference among the word of stakeholders and those such as beneficiaries and authorities. It then divides the stakeholders into two main categories and 11 groups. The findings of the study indicate that the lack of proper vocabulary, coupled WITH a misunderstanding or limited understanding of the term of NATURAL RESOURCES’ stakeholders, alone is sufficient to defeat plans of or to destroy NATURAL RESOURCES. It also argues that nowadays the discussions of stakeholder analysis and stakeholder engagement are important because balancing the dissimilar needs, desires, and expectations by different stakeholders is more important than ever, and of course, it has become more complex. As a result, identifying, analyzing, and engaging stakeholders is the basis of participatory management and sustainable conservation. Finally, there is a need for open policies to attract stakeholder engagement.